![]() ![]() Consider the declaration by the Second Vatican Council on religious freedom, Dignitatis Humanae (1965), or more recently the declaration by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on some questions of bioethics, Dignitas Personae (2008). The recourse to the category of human dignity is very common also in other documents, such as strictly religious, moral-theological documents. Indeed, it can be said that human dignity is the foundation for all other ethical factors. It is recognized that human dignity requires a priority of consideration, even before freedom, responsibility, solidarity, and other factors. In this document, among the standards for ethical evaluation there is a list of eight factors, the first of which is human dignity ( Menschenwürde). To cite one example among many, we may consider the recent document of the Deutscher Ethikrat of, concerning interventions on the human germ line. In the context of the themes that emerge in the field of bioethics, human dignity and its definition are foundational, both for the issues surrounding clinical ethics and also the field of biomedical research. ![]() Defining the concept, however, has caused acrimonious scholarly debates in various areas of moral reflection. No other concept has had so much resonance in the history of ethical thought than that of the dignity of the person. ![]()
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